3D Architectural Interior Design

3D Architectural Interior Design

Jinghong Chen (Rebecca)

Si He Yuan is a classical architecture style of residential housing of Beijing citizens dated from the Ming Dynasty. Foreign visitors often think siheyuan is bungalow, actually it is not bungalow. It is traditional graceful Chinese building and it is Chinese oldest traditional cultural symbols. "四" represents the four corners of the world on all sides; "合" is means stay with together, which is the basic feature of courtyard. Courtyards are very elegant structures especially when one sees them in large scale as at Tiananmen Square in Beijing which is probably the most famous example. (See picture 1)

Beijing's courtyard houses whether they are large or small, scattered, or in a bustling street, or is in a secluded place form a human psychological, preserving traditional culture and embrace the neighborhood of harmonious living environment. Another aspect of this design is the garden. Courtyard garden in the Middle, place spacious, tree-planting flowers in the garden, cylinder feeding goldfish, is central to the courtyard, as well as people walk through.

A standard Siheyuan usually consists of houses on its four sides and the house which stands at the north end and faces the south is called the main house or north house. The north house in the yard is built first in brick on a platform and is bigger than other houses; it is where the master's living rooms are. The ones on both sides are called side houses, and rooms were other family members are housed. The one which stands at the south end and faces north is called opposite house or south house. In between court yard and the rooms is a built corridor and can be for people to walk and rest. Courtyard walls which face the street and are on the outside of the houses does not generally have windows, the windows are on the inside which creates a quiet of the environment. (See image 2)

The Siheyuan‘s gate is usually at the south eastern corner according to the traditional concepts of the five elements that were believed to compose the universe, and the eight diagrams of divination. Normally there is a screen-wall inside the gate so that outsiders cannot see directly into the courtyard and it is also believed to protect the house from evil spirits. Outside the gate of some large siheyuan, there is a pair of stone lions on each side. Such a residence offers space, comfort and quiet privacy. It is also good for security as well as protection against dust and storms.

The gates are usually painted vermilion and have large copper door rings. Usually a whole family lives in one compound. The elder generation lives in the main house, the younger generation live in the side houses, and the south house is usually their sitting room or study.

The narrow streets between the Si He Yuan are called "Hutong"s. A single implementation of Si He Yuan comprises of garden surrounded by four houses and protected by high walls. Si He Yuan with Hutong which have been very familiar for people, having a history of more than 700 years now suffer from the urban renovation and economic development of China, and they are slowly disappearing from Beijing.

Development of Chinese architecture

　　Historical evolution of Chinese architecture and Chinese culture development are linked closely. Ancient people living in different natural conditions, depend on local conditions, the buildings using local resources so different materials, different approach, creating a different structure and a different art style of ancient buildings.

                                             

　　As early as the Pal eolithic age, in China primitive man knew using natural caves as refuge, Anhui, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Beijing, Liaoning, Guizhou, Guangdong, Hubei, Zhejiang and other places were found that primitive people lived in the caves.

　　Neolithic, the Huaxia tribes of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, loess walls, built with wooden frame, grass mud half point accommodation, to move towards a building on the ground, and formed settlements. The Yangtze River basin, humid and rainy, often is flooding animal infestation, which developed into a rod-building. In this regard, has made many in the ancient literature "framed wooden nest, to avoid the victim group" (Han Fei Zi · five Valens), "to nest on, camp under caves" (Mencius · Teng Wengong next) record.

　　From the West and thoughtful in Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties, vernacular architectural forms have been developing more complete. Western Zhou dynasty has emerged when large Palace and courtyard, and start using the bricks. During the spring and autumn period and the warring States period, Pavilion Palace decoration on Interior and exterior beam-column joints, Arch, decorated with murals on the walls. The Qin and Han dynasties, wooden structures the magnificent, decorated rich, beautiful stretch, there has been room Palace, weiyang Palace, a large cluster.

　　Sui and Tang dynasties were China architectural art have developed rapidly, wood technology has made remarkable achievements, LMH, masonry, roofing styles and other building elements are mature. During Ming and Qing dynasties were during the great development of China's ancient architecture in the final, North-South architectural forms that are already developed, formed in the types and characteristics of basic customization. At the same time, around as well as economic and cultural exchanges between China and frequent, new houses are emerging.

　　In General, after thousands of years of development, the formation of ancient Chinese architecture with wooden frame structure as the main way, rational use of architectural proportion, scale, rhythm, balance, art techniques, such as, the overall style is simple, elegant and quiet, showing unique temperament and aesthetic orientation of Chinese culture.

1 Overview of Chinese North-South architectural

1.1  North Buildings

2        Climate cooler in North China, and there is lots of empty land which has not yet been developed so the building style and facade design emphasis is on heavy, plain materials including lots of timber, The terrain in the north is more flat than the south, building materials is relatively simple in the dwellings the walls have traditionally been made of stone. However in the more industrial areas the cities are very built up and now have many high rise and multi-storey buildings. In the north the cultural and folk customs are simple, honest and straightforward and non-western in influence. It is a combination of factors for this living environment, cultural customs and the use of natural and locally sourced building materials, such as wood. This allows northern residential buildings to generally face east to get more sunshine to warm the properties, the style itself is simple and sincere, architectural features are very traditional and show a group of building together were all the extended family can live together but within the privacy of the outer walls.

Northern region can be divided into two the North China Plain and the Loess Plateau which are totally different regions. The architectural layout and the style in these areas are also totally different.

1.1.1        North China Plain and symbols

Courtyard is Chinese oldest, traditional cultural symbols. "四" represents the four corners of the world on all sides; "合" is means stay with together, which is the basic feature of courtyard. Courtyards are very elegant structures especially when one sees them in large scale as at Tiananmen Square in Beijing which is probably the most famous example. (See picture 1)Beijing's courtyard houses whether they are large or small, scattered, or in a bustling street, or is in a secluded place form a human psychological, preserving traditional culture and embrace the neighborhood of harmonious living environment. Another aspect of this design is the garden. Courtyard garden in the Middle, place spacious, tree-planting flowers in the garden, cylinder feeding goldfish, is central to the courtyard, as well as people walk through, lighting, ventilation, cool, places frets, and domestic work.

The Courtyard Principal

Courtyard door is opened in the southeast corner or the northwest corner, the north house in the yard is built first in brick on a platform and is bigger than other houses, it is where the master's living rooms are. On both sides of the yard there are other buildings and rooms were other family members are housed. In between court yard and the rooms is a built corridor and can be for people to walk and rest. Courtyard walls which face the street and are on the outside of the houses does not generally have windows, the windows are on the inside which creates a quiet of the environment. (See image 2)

 

1.1.2 in the Loess Plateau

Closure of the building courtyard of the Loess Plateau is very strong, housing is low, low roof slope, there are a considerable number of buildings roof. Building materials, rarely used brick, use adobe or rammed earth wall, the decoration is simple. Loess Plateau is often built architecture; the overall style is simple, honest. Such as Inner Mongolia. Mongolia is a typical curtain type residential area of Inner Mongolia, with the most common yurt. Inner Mongolia temperate steppe nomads, due to the nomadic life, home to easy disassembly migratory yurt as his domicile.

 

But in Hui people, also built many mosques, their body of tall, steep roof, beautifully decorated, the colour is strong, has the obvious difference with the general civil construction.

 

The cave dwelling is a common form of dwelling in Loess Plateau of Northern Shanxi and even the whole. The Loess Plateau climate is arid, and the uniform texture, with cement and erect good characteristics, soil is loose and easy to mining, so the local people creatively burrow and in suit one's measures to local conditions, not only saves building materials, but also has the advantages of warm in winter and cool in summer. Because the pit cave to defines floods, and with the improvement of economic conditions, in recent years, some places have already abandoned pit cave built, and one after another in the ground construction of half-timbered house in.

1.2        South Building

1.2.1 Plain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Mention South building, many people immediately think of the little bridges and beautiful pictures. Compared with the north area, South China tropical climate, with narrow, hills, plains, building materials variety, the overall architectural style emphasizes fresh and transparent, facade is mostly light, on the selection of materials used are paints, wood, imitation wood frame, steel structures, In the south homes have traditionally been made with wood, brick or woven bamboo.

Dry bar-type bamboo House is the Dai and WA, of southern minorities such as the Miao, Jingpo, Hani, Brown's principal residence form. Hot, humid and rainy climate of southern, bamboo house lower overhead, in order to facilitate ventilation across the tide, used as a rice field, mixed housing and storage room; upper front width rear porch and terrace Hall and bedroom; roof-mountain, slopes and steep, deep shade rain.

In south of the town, a small river flowing through, is green gray house across the Taiwan Strait, steel, quiet. General residential areas are from the doorway, is a patio, next to a stone sink, it's laundry and dish-washing place, ahead is a kitchen, a large, even restaurants are included, a turn to the left, is a wooden staircase, stairs, where there are several bedrooms. From the upstairs overlooking the downstairs patio, blue slate laid, there can be described as the main subject in the summer, winter is a good place for kids have snowball fights. Of course, this is only a model, each according to its own characteristics to housing. Small residential courtyards in the South, surrounded by integrated housing, residential use of the South wearing bucket structure, housing portfolio more flexible.

 

In the South, the gable of the house resembles a horse, the South building with white walls and blue black tile, elegant colors. Water resources are more abundant in the south, the water flows through from behind the front housing and a bridge are connected the dry Street in both sides of the river, various bridge types is also a landscape unique to water Street. This is a places they called Venice of the East.

The house often with a garden and two combined into one, every home must have a park, is a lifestyle and living module of Chinese culture. Many elegance people like housing with gardens and waterside pavilion, the garden do not require a lot of sites, which is nothing more than gallery and leak, but can create a scene, take tricks, such as border but it can create a wonderland.

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain. Area is a small place with a large population is more serious, therefore, more intensive construction groups, courtyard is narrow. Roof slope steeply sloping sides, the wing angle high up, decoration delicate and sumptuous carved painted a lot. Overall style of traditional architecture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain is beautiful, clever.

1.2.2 In south of the Five Ridges area

South of the Five Ridges residential construction plane is regular, the garden is very small, housing tall, windows and doors are narrower. Roof slope steeply sloping sides, the wing angle (cutting?)Warped larger than the houses of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain. Towns and villages in the construction-intensive, closed strong, house decoration, engraving, painting as rich, complex, manual fine. Overall the style of the building of South of the Five Ridges is light and delicate.